DRFORCE is a specialist in electronic heatsinks manufacturing,

HEAT PIPE

High Thermal Conductivity and Low Thermal Resistance All-Copper Heat Pipe

3D Flattened Heat Pipe

Flattened/Squashed Copper Sintered Heat Pipe

0.6mm/1mm Flattened Heat Pipe

0.4mm Ultra-Thin Heat Pipe

0.4mm thick copper heat pipe for heat dissipation in handheld devices

Ultra-thin heat pipe for mobile phones and tablets

0.4mm Ultra-thin Ultra-light Copper Sintered Heat Pipe for Precision Electronic Devices

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● High Effective Thermal Conductivity.

● Long life with no maintenance.

● Lower costs.

● Isothermal operation.

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What’s Heat Pipe

A heat pipe is a sealed vessel that is first evacuated and then filled with a small amount of working fluid. Its design allows for highly efficient heat transfer through the process of evaporation and condensation.

The most common type of heat pipe has a cylindrical shape with an inner wick. The working fluid flows through the wick from the colder side (condenser) to the hotter side (evaporator), where it undergoes evaporation. The resulting vapor carries thermal energy to the condenser's heat sink. In the condenser, the working fluid condenses, releasing its latent heat, and the cycle repeats to continuously remove heat from a system component.

Due to the high heat transfer coefficients during boiling and condensation, the temperature drop in the system is minimal. Heat pipes can achieve effective thermal conductivities ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 W/m K for long heat pipes, far surpassing the roughly 400 W/m K of copper. The choice of material depends on the application and has resulted in pairings such as potassium with stainless steel, water with copper, and ammonia with aluminum, steel, and nickel.

The advantages of heat pipes include passive operation, meaning they do not require any external power source, and their long lifespan with minimal maintenance needs.

I hope this provides a clear understanding of the concept and benefits of heat pipes. Let me know if you have any further questions!

Our manufacturing capabilities for custom copper heat pipes include a wide range of diameters and lengths. The most frequently produced diameters are 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm and 10mm while length can range anywhere from 80mm to 500mm. We offer two working fluids options, H20 distilled water or CH3OH methanol. Additionally, we provide our clients with options for surface finishes such as anti-oxidation and nickel plating. If you are looking to solder heat pipes to aluminum parts, our nickel-plated finishes are an excellent choice.

What We Can Manufacture

We have the capability to produce heat pipes with a minimal thickness of 1.0 mm (0.040"), which can be utilized in smartphones, laptops, tablets, and other miniature electronic devices. Each heat pipe undergoes 100% individual testing to ensure its heat transfer efficiency. Additionally, we also offer other thickness options, including 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, and 1.8 mm.

SUPER THIN HEAT PIPES

We specialize in the design, production, and manufacturing of conventional sintered heat pipes for radiator cooling systems. Our expertise lies in producing copper heat pipes specifically for this purpose.

CONVENTIONAL HEAT PIPES

What situations are heat pipes typically employed for effective thermal management and heat transfer?

Understanding what a heat pipe is becomes clearer when considering its applications. Heat pipes are used in a wide range of systems, both simple and complex, that require efficient heat transfer based on various operating principles, thermal performance requirements, conductivity needs, spatial limitations, strength considerations, and cost factors.

Our team of thermal engineers believes that heat pipes are a worthwhile investment if your device or platform necessitates any of the following:

1. Heat transfer from one location to another: Heat pipes are commonly used in electronics to transfer heat from a chip to a remote heat sink, ensuring effective cooling.

2. Transformation of high heat flux: Heat pipes can transform high heat flux at the evaporator into lower heat flux at the condenser, enabling easier overall heat removal using traditional cooling methods, such as liquid or air cooling. Custom vapor chambers can handle heat fluxes up to 1,000 W/m².

3. Provision of an isothermal surface: Heat pipes are useful in scenarios where multiple laser diodes need to operate at the same temperature or when precise temperature calibration requires highly isothermal surfaces.

By incorporating heat pipes into your system, you can benefit from efficient heat transfer, improved thermal management, and enhanced temperature control.

Flattening of Heat Pipes

Please use the following table as a reference guide for the flattening of heat pipes. If you require information regarding diameters and thicknesses not shown in this table, please do not hesitate to contact us.

    


    `
      
        
            Diameter (D)   
            Thickness (T)
            (T) Tolerance 
            Width (W)
            (W) Tolerance
        

            Φ4   
            2.0
             +0.05/0.10
            5.23
            +1-0.15
            
        

            Φ4   
            2.5
             +0.05/0.10
            4.96
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ4   
            3.0
             +0.05/0.10
            4.65
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ5   
            2.0
             +0.05/0.10
            6.82
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ5   
            2.5
             +0.05/0.10
            6.53
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ5   
            3.0
             +0.05/0.10
            6.26
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ5   
            3.5
             +0.05/0.10
            5.95
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ5   
            4.0
             +0.05/0.10
            5.63
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ6   
            2.5
             +0.05/0.10
            8.16
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ6   
            3.0
             +0.05/0.10
            7.84
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ6   
            3.5
             +0.05/0.10
            7.57
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ6   
            4.0
             +0.05/0.10
            7.30
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ8   
            2.0
             +0.05/0.10
            11.65
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ8   
            2.5
             +0.05/0.10
            11.39
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ8   
            3.0
             +0.05/0.10
            11.15
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ8   
            3.5
             +0.05/0.10
            10.83
            +1-0.15
        
      

            Φ8   
            4.0
             +0.05/0.10
            10.60
            +1-0.15
      

            Φ8   
            4.5
             +0.05/0.10
            10.27
            +1-0.15
      

            Φ8   
            5.0
             +0.05/0.10
            10.01
            +1-0.15
      

            Φ8   
            6.0
             +0.05/0.10
            9.36
            +1-0.15
      

Calculate Width [W=(D-T)x0.666+D]

W = Width of Heat Pipe

D = Diameter of Heat Pipe

T = Thickness of Heat Pipe (when flattened)

After flattening, heat pipes cannot by bent out-of-plane (no exceptions). Heat pipes can only be bent out-of-plane when the heat pipe is round.

Bending Heat Pipes

In order to ensure that custom bent heat pipes can be manufactured successfully, it is important to adhere to the following guidelines:

Inner Radius: The inner radius of the bend should be at least 2 times the diameter of the heat pipe. Failing to meet this requirement may lead to internal damage within the heat pipe during the bending process.

Reduction in Qmax: Each 45-degree bend in the heat pipe will result in a reduction of approximately 2.5% in its Qmax (maximum heat transfer capacity).

Performance Degradation: After the first bend, the performance of the heat pipe will decrease by around 20%. Any additional bends will result in a further 10% decrease in performance for each bend.

Adhering to these guidelines will help ensure the manufacturability and performance of custom bent heat pipes.

    


    `
      
        
            Diameter  
            Minimum R
            Suggested R
            Minimum
Bending Angle
            Suggested
Bending Angle

        

            4mm
            9mm
             12mm
            90°
            120°
        

            5mm
            12mm
             15mm
            90°
            120°
        

            6mm
            14mm
             18mm
            90°
            120°
        

            8mm
            20mm
            24mm
            90°
            120°
        

Heat Transfer Capability

    


    
        
            Heat Pipe Shape  
            Cross-sectional
Dimensions(mm)
            Length
(mm)
            Minimum
Bending Radius
(mm
            Heat Transfer Rate
(L=150mm)
Ww)

        
       

            Round Pipe
            Φ4
            60-600
            10
            30
      

            Round Pipe
            Φ5
            60-600
            10
            45
      

            Round Pipe
            Φ6
            60-600
            10
            72
      

            Round Pipe
            Φ8
            60-600
            24
            120
      

            Flattened Pipe
            Φ4 X 2.0T
            60-600
            10
            25
      

            Flattened Pipe
            Φ5 X 2.0T
            60-600
            10
            31
      

            Flattened Pipe
            Φ6 X 2.0T
            60-600
            12
            42
      

            Flattened Pipe
            Φ8 X 2.0T
            60-600
            25
            55
      